Hard & brittle, high melting point, poor thermal & electrical conduction. Very hard, high melting point, variable thermal & electrical conduction. Soft, low-moderate melting point, poor thermal and electrical conduction.Įxamples: Ar, CH 4, sucrose, dry ice (CO 2). How does the solid state of matter be classified according to the type of inter-molecular forces between the atoms/ molecules?Ī3. Refer to the following table for classification of solid state based on the type of inter-molecular forces (IMF): Type In general, and with few exceptions, the trend is that the weaker IMF will lead to the formation of gaseous state, moderately stronger IMF will produce a liquid state however, a very strong IMF will lead to solid state of matter for the resulting molecule. The factor that controls and determines the state depends on the intermolecular forces (IMF) that hold the two atoms/ molecules together when a given molecule is present in bulk quantity. How does the matter come into solid, liquid or gaseous state?Ī2. Whenever, two atoms of an element (same or different) combine, the resulting molecule has possibility to exist in either of the three states of matter under the conditions of standard pressure and temperature. An example of their application is in your flat-screen LCD TV or laptop/ computer monitor, cell-phones, watches, calculators, ATM displays, etc. They flow like liquid however, have some properties similar to that of crystalline solids. Liquid Crytals: they are niether liquid nor solid. This state in which a gas become a collection of negatively charged electrons which have escaped the pull of the nucleus and ions which are positively charged because they have lost one or more electrons is known as plasma state.ĥ. In this condition the electrons are no longer bound in the orbits around the nucleus. If the temperature is high enough, the electrons in the valence shell acquire enough kinetic energy to escape the atom. Plasma: The matter is composed of atoms/ molecules, under the condition of standard pressure & temperature (STP) matter has electrons that orbit the atomic nucleus. Common examples are window glass, cotton candy, etc.Īpart from above three states of matter there are two more Less Encounteredstates of matter, they are:Ĥ. (b) Amorphous Solid State: exhibit no or short range order of periodic arrangement of atoms/ molecules in all the three dimesions. Among the common examples are rock-salt, sugar, metal-keys, etc. (a) Crystalline Solid State: exhibit a fixed long range order of periodic arrangement of atoms/ molecules in all the three dimensions. Based on how the atoms/ molecules are arranged in a solid the solid state can be further classified into two states: Thus, solids have a stable and definite shape. The molecules are not able to move freely however they can vibrate at their fixed positions. Solid: we all live on solid earth! In solid state of matter the molecules/ atoms/ particles are closely packed and are being held together by very strong forces. Liquids occupy definite volume and are not easily compressed.ģ. Liquids are more viscous than gases because they are thicker and more resistant to flow. This state is condensed state compared to the gaseous as the molecules/ atoms are attractred toward each-other the forces of attraction are comparatively stronger than the ones in gaseous state. Liquid: the cola, coffee, tea, bear and water are all among the examples of liquid states. The air we breathe is composed of gaseous states of many elements of which only oxygen is picked by our body.Ģ. This state of matter can be distinguished by low density & viscosity, great expansion & contraction with changes in pressure and temperature, ability to diffuse readily and the spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly throughout any container. Gaseous: the air we breath and, feel pleasent to have blown gently is among the examples of gaseous state. There are three main kinds of matter often referred as three states of matter and we all come across them in our daily lives. What is 'Matter'? Are there different kinds of 'matter'?Ī1. Matter is anything that has mass and to some extent a shape.
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